Durga Puja Timing

Durga puja is celebrated in the autumn months of September/October. According to the Hindu solar calendar, it falls on the first nine days of the month of Ashvin. Most of the religions follow either a solar calendar or a lunar calendar. For the Hindus, it is a combination of both. The days are counted on the basis of sun rise and sun set. But timings of all religious functions are based on the lunar month. The lunar month is divided into two halves, the full moon phase and the new moon phase.

Accordingly the religious functions of the Hindu Bengalis are scheduled in sync with the timings of the moon's movement, better known as 'Tithhi'. The schedule of Durga Puja is also framed on the basis of the 'Tithhi'. The Devi Paksha or the fortnight in which the Puja falls sets in with the auspicious of the Mahalaya, which falls on the New moon. Mahalaya heralds the homecoming of the Mother Goddess as the tunes of Agamani fill the air.

The four days of Pujas start from the sixth day of the full moon phase that follows the Mahalaya and ends up with the Dashami or the tenth day. Thus Dashami is four days short of the full moon night, called Kojagori Purnima. For, it is on this pious night the Kojagori Laxmi Puja is performed by most of the Bengali households.

Durga Kavach

Durga Kavach is a collection of special shlokas from the Markandey Purana and is part of the Durga Saptashti. Chanting Durga Kavach during the Navratras is considered auspicious by the devotees of Duga Ma.
Durga Kavach

Atha DevyaaH Kavacham.h
AUM Asya Shrii Chandii Kavachasya
Brahmaa R^ishhiH AnushhTup.h ChhandaH Chaamundaa Devataa
Angaanyaa Soktamaataro Biijam.h Digbandha Devataa Stattvam.h
Shri Jagadamba aPriityarthe Saptashatii PaathaaN^ Gatvena Jape Viniyogah
AUM Namash Chandikaayai
Maarkandeya Uvaacha
AUM Yadh_goohyaM Paramam Loke Sarva Rakshaakaram NR^iNaam.h
Yaanna Kasya_chidaa_khyaatam Tanme Bruuhi Pitaamaha 1

Brahmo Vaach

Asti Goohya_tamam Vipra Sarva bhuuto pakaa_rakam.h
Devya_astu kavacham punyam takshinash_va Mahaamune 2

Prathamam Shailaputrii cha DvitiiyaM Brahmachaarinii
Tritiiyam Chandra ghanteti Kushmaan_deti Chatur_thakam.h 3

Panchamam S_kandamaateti Shha_shhtham Kaatyaa_yaniiti cha
Saptamam Kaala_raatrii_ti Mahaa_gaurii_ticha_ashhtamam.h 4

Navamam Siddhi_daatrii cha Nava_durgaah Prakiir_titaah
Uktaan_yetaani naamaani brahma_naiva mahaat_manaa 5

Agninaa Dahya_maanastu Shatrumadhye Gato Ra_Ne
Vishha_me Durgame chaiva bhayaarh Sharanam Gataah 6

Na Teshhaa.n Jaayate Kinchi_da_shubham_rana_sam_kaTe
Naapadam Tasya Pashyaami Shoka_duhkha_bhayam na hi 7

Yaistu Bhaktyaa Smritaa Nuunam Teshhaa.n vR^iddhiH Prajaayate
Ye Tvaan Smaranti Deveshi Rakshase Taanna Sam_shayah 8

Preta_samsthaa tu Chaamundaa Vaaraahii Mahishhaasanaa
Aindrii Gaja_samaa_ruuDhaa Vaishhnavii Garuda_asanaa 9

Maaheshvarii vR^ishhaaruuDhaa Kaumaarii Shikhi_vaahanaa
LakshmiiH Padmaasanaa Devii Padmahastaa Hari Priyaa 10

Shvetaruupa_dharaa Devii Iishvarii vR^ishha_vaahanaa
Braahmii hamsa_samaaruuDhaa Sarvaa_bharana_bhuush_hitaa 11

Ityetaa Maatarah Sarvaah Sarvayoga Saman_vitaah
Naanaa_bharana_shobhaaghyaa naanaa_ratno pasho_bhitaah 12

dR^itiyante RathamaaruuDhaa Devyah Krodha_samaa_kulaah
ShaN^khaM Chakram Gadaa.n Shakti.n Halam cha Musalaayudham.h 13

Khetakam Tomaram Chaiva Parashu.n Paashameva cha
Kuntaayudham TrishuulaM cha Shaaraam_aayudha_muttamam.h 14

Daityaanaa.n Dehanaashaaya Bhaktaa_naama_bhayaaya cha
Dhaarayantya_ayudhaa_niitthaM Devaanaa.n cha Hitaaya vai 15

Namaste.astu Mahaaraudre Mahaa_ghora_paraakrame
Mahaabale Mahotsaahe Mahaa_bhayavinaashini 16

Traahi maa.n Devi Dushhprekshye Shatruunaa.n bhayavar_dhini
Praachyaa.n Rakshatu Maa_maindrii Aagney_yaam_agni_devataa 17

Dakshine.avatu Vaaraahii nai_rityaa.n khadga_dhaarinii
Pratiichyaa.n Vaarunii Rakshed.h Vaayavyaa.n mRiga_vaahinii 18

Udiichyaa.n Paatu Kaumaarii Aishaanyaa.n Shuuladhaarinii
Uurdhva.n Brahmaani me Rakshe_dadhastaad.h Vaishhnavii Tathaa 19

Evam Dasha Disho Rakshech_chaamundaa Shava_vaahanaa
yaa me Chaagratah Paatu Vijayaa Paatu pR^ishhThatah 20

Ajitaa Vaama Paarshve tu Dakshine Chaaparaajitaa
Shikhaamu_dyotinii Rakshedumaa Muurdhini Vyavasthitaa 21

Maalaadharii LalaaTe cha Bhruvau Rakshed.h Yashasvinii
Trinetraa cha Bhruvor_madhye Yama_ghantaa cha Naasike 22

ShaN^khinii chak_shu_shhor_madhye Shrotrayorrdvaa_vaasinii
Kapolau Kaalikaa Rakshet_karnamuule tu ShaaN^karii 23

Naasikaayaa.n Sugandhaa cha Uttaroshh_the cha Charchikaa
Adhare Chaam_R^itakalaa Jihvaa_yaa.n cha Sarasvatii 24

Dantaan.h Rakshatu Kaumarii kanthadeshe tu chandikaa
Ghantikaa.n Chitra_ghantaa cha Mahaa_maayaa cha Taaluke 25

Kaamaakshii Chibukam Rakshed.h Vaacham me SarvamaN^galaa
Griivaayaa.n Bhadrakaalii cha pR^ishhTha_vamshe Dhanur_dharii 26

Niilagriivaa BahihkanThe Nalikaa.n Nalakuubarii
S_kandhayoh KhaN^ginii Rakshed.h Baahuu me Vajradhaarinii 27

Hastayordan_dinii Rakshed_ambikaa ChaaN^guliishhu cha
NakhaaJN_chhuuleshvarii Rakshet_kukshau_rakshet_kuleshvarii 28

S_tanau_rakshen_mahaadevii Manahshoka_vinaashinii
HR^idaye Lalitaa Devii Udare Shuula_dhaariNii 29

Naabhau cha Kaaminii Rakshed.h GuhyaM Guhyeshvarii tathaa
Puutanaa Kaamikaa me DhraM Gude Mahishha_vaahinii 30

KaTiyaa.n Bhagavatii Rakshej_jaanunii Vindhya_vaasinii
JaN^ghe Mahaabalaa Rakshet_sarvakaama_pradaayinii 31

Gulpha_yornaarasi.nhii cha Paada_pR^ishhThe tu Taijasii
PaadaaN^guliishhu Shrii Rakshet_paadaadha_stala_vaasinii 32

Nakhaan.h Damshh_Traakaraalii cha keshaa.nsh{}chaivo{dhva}.rkeshinii
Roma_kuupeshhu Kauberii TvachaM Vaagiishvarii tathaa 33

Raktama_jjaava_saamaan_saan_yasthi_medaa.nsi Paarvatii
Antraani Kaala_raatrishcha Pittam cha Mukutesh_varii 34

Padmaavatii Padmakoshe Kaphe Chuu_DaamaNis_tathaa
Jvaalaamukhii Nakha_jvaalaa_mabhedyaa Sarva_sandhi_shhu 35

Shukram Brahmaani me Rakshech_chhaayaa.n Chhatresh_varii tathaa
Aham_kaaram Mano Buddhi.n Rakshen_me Dharma_dhaarinii 36

Vajra_hastaa cha me Rakshet.h_praanam Kalyaana_shobhanaa 37
PraaNaapaanau Tathaa Vyaanam_udaanam cha Samaa_na_kam.h

Rase Ruupe cha Gandhe cha Shabde Sparshe cha Yoginii
Sattvam Rajasta_mashchaiva Rakshen_naaraayaNii sadaa 38

Aayuu Rakshatu Vaaraahii Dharmam Rakshatu Vaishhnavii
Yashah Kiirti.n cha Lakshmii.n cha Dhanam Vidyaa.n cha Chakrinii 39

Gotra_mindraani me Rakshet_pashuunme Raksha Chandike
Putraan.h Rakshen_mahaa_lakshmiir_bhaaryaa.n Rakshatu Bhairavii 40

Panthaanam Supathaa rakshen_maargam Kshemakarii tathaa
Raajadvaare Mahaa_lakshmiir_vijayaa Sarvatah Sthitaa 41

Rakshaa_hiinam tu Yatsthaa_nam Varjitam Kavachena tu
Tatsarvam Raksha me Devi Jayantii Paapa_naashinii 42

Pada_mekam na Gach_chhettu Yadiichchhech_chhu_bhamaat_manah
Kavache_naa vR^ito NityaM Yatra Yatraiva Gachchhati 43

Tatra Tatra_artha_laabhashcha Vijayah Saarva_kaamikah
Yam Yam Chinta_yate Kaamam Tam Tam Praapnoti nish_chitam.h .
Paramaish_varya_matulam Praapsyate Bhuutale Pumaan.h 44

Nirbhayo Jaayate martyah samgraa_meshhva_paraajitaH
Trailokye tu Bhavet_puujyah Kavache_naav_R^itah Pumaan.h 45

Idam tu Devyaah Kavacham Devaa_naamapi Durlabham.h
Yah PaThet.h_prayato Nityam Trisandhyam Shraddhayaan_vitah 46

Daivii Kalaa Bhavet_tasya Trailokyeshhva_paraajitah
Jiived.h Varshhashatam saagrama_pamR^ityuvi_varjitah 47

Nashyanti Vyaadhayah Sarve Luutaa_vispho_Takaadayah
S_thaavaram JaN^gamam Chaiva KR^itrimam Chaapi Yadvishham.h 48

Abhi_chaaraani Sarvaani Mantra_yantraani Bhuutale
Bhuu_charaah Khe_charaash_chaiva_jalajaash_chopa_deshikaah 49

Sahajaa Kulajaa Maalaa Daakinii Shaakinii Tathaa
Antariksha_charaa Ghoraa Daakin_yashcha MahaabalaaH 50

Graha_bhuuta_pishaachaa_shcha Yaksha_gandharva_raakshasaah
Brahma_raakshasa_vetaalaah Kushhmaandaa Bhairavaadayah 51

Nashyanti Darshanaattasya Kavache HR^idi Samsthite
Maano_nnatir_bhaved.h Raag_yastejov_R^iddhikaram Param.h 52

Yashasaa vard_dharte so.api Kiirti Mandita_bhuutale
Japet_sapta_shatii.n Chandii.n kR^itvaa tu Kavacham Puraa 53

Yaavad_bhuu_mandalam Dhatte Sashaila_vanakaana_nam.h
Taavattishh_Thati medinyaa.n Santatih Putra Pautrikii 54

Dehaante Paramam S_thaanam Yatsu_rai_rapi Durlabham.h
Praapnoti Purushho Nityam Mahaamaayaa PrasaadataH 55

Labhate Paramam Ruupam Shivena Saha Modate .. AUM 56

Durga Stuti

Shri Durga Stuti is an easy form of Shree Durga Saptsati composed by Maha Rishi Markande. Durga Stuti is composed of powerful verses in praise of Durga Ma. People believe that daily and sincere recitation of Shri Durga Stuti relieves human beings from all their worries and blesses them with prosperity and happiness.
Shri Durga Stuti

Miti Ka Tan Huaa Pavitra, Ganga Ke Asnan Se
Ant Karan Ho Jaye Pavitra, Jagadambe Ke Dhyan Se
Sarve Mangal Mangalye, Shive Sarvarth Sadhike
Sharanye Trambake Gauri, Narayani Namo Stute
Shakti Shakti Do Mujhe, Karoon Tumhara Dhyan
Path Nirvignya Ho Tera, Mera Ho Kalyan
Hridya Sinhasan Par Aa, Betho Meri Maa
Suno Vinay Mam Din Ki, Jag Janani Vardan
Sundar Deepak Ghee Bhara, Karoon Aaj Tayaar
Gyan Ujala Maa Karo, Metto Moh Andhkaar
Chandra Surya Ki Roshni, Chamke Chaman Akhand
Sab Mein Vyapak Tej Hai, Jwala Ka Prachand
Jwala Jag Janani Meri, Raksha Karo Humesh
Dur Karo Maa Ambike, Mere Sabhi Kalesh
Shradha Aur Vishwas Se, Teri Jyot Jalaoon
Tera Hi Hai Aashra, Tere Hi Gun Gaoon
Teri Adhabhut Gaat Ko, Padhoon Mein Nischay Dhar
Sakshat Darshan Karoon, Tere Jagat Aadhar
Man Chanchal Se Baat Ke, Samay Jo Aogun Hoye
Dati Apni Daya Se, Dhyan Na Dena Koye
Main Anjan Malin Man, Na Jano Koi Rit
At Pat Vani Ko Hi Maa, Samjho Meri Prit
Chaman Ke Aogun Bahot Hai, Karna Nahi Dhyan
Sinhvahini Maa Ambike, Karo Mera Kalyan
Dhanya Dhanya Maa Ambike, Shakti Shiva Vishal
Angh Angh Mein Rum Rahi, Dati Din Dayal

Durga Chalisa

Namo Namo Durge Sukh karani,
Namo Namo ambe Dukh harani.

Nirakar hai jyoti tumhari,
Tihun lok pheli ujayari.

Shashi lalat mukh mahavishala,
Netra lal bhrikutee vikarala.

Roop Matu ko adhika suhave,
Daras karat jan ati sukh pave.

Tum sansar shakti laya kina,
Palan hetu anna dhan dina.

Annapurna hui jag pala,
Tumhi adi sundari Bala.

Pralaya kala sab nashan hari,
Tum gauri Shiv-Shankar pyari.

Shiv yogi tumhre guna gaven,
Brahma Vishnu tumhen nit dhyaven.

Roop Saraswati ko tum dhara,
De subuddhi rishi munina ubara.

Dharyo roop Narsimha ko amba,
Pragat bhayin phar kar khamba.

Raksha kari Prahlaad bachayo,
Hiranakush ko swarga pathayo.

Lakshmi roop dharo jag mahin,
Shree Narayan anga samihahin.

Ksheer sindhu men karat vilasa,
Daya Sindhu, deeje man asa.

Hingalaja men tumhin Bhavani,
Mahima amit na jet bakhani.

Matangi Dhoomavati Mata,
Bhuvneshwari bagala sukhdata.

Shree Bhairav lara jog tarani,
Chhinna Bhala bhav dukh nivarani.

Kehari Vahan soh Bhavani,
Langur Veer Chalat agavani.

Kar men khappar khadag viraje,
Jako dekh kal dan bhaje.

Sohe astra aur trishoola,
Jase uthata shatru hiya shoola.

Nagarkot men tumhi virajat,
Tihun lok men danka bajat.

Shumbhu Nishumbhu Danuja tum mare,
Rakta-beeja shankhan samhare.

Mahishasur nripa ati abhimani,
Jehi agha bhar mahi akulani.

Roop karal Kalika dhara,
Sen Sahita tum tin samhara.

Pan garha Santan par jab jab,
Bhayi sahaya Matu tum tab tab.

Amarpuni aru basava loka,
Tava Mahirna sab rahen asoka.

Jwala men hai jyoti tumhari,
Tumhen sada poojen nar nari.

Prem bhakti se Jo yash gave,
Dukh-daridra nikat nahin ave.

Dhyave tumhen jo nar man laee,
Janam-maran tako chuti jaee.

Jogi sur-muni kahat pukari,
Jog na ho bin shakti tumhari.

Shankar Aacharaj tap keenhon,
Kam, krodha jeet sab leenhon.

Nisidin dhyan dharo Shankar ko,
Kahu kal nahini sumiro tum ko.

Shakti roop ko maran na payo,
Shakti gayi tab man pachitayo.

Sharnagat hui keerti bakhani,
Jai jai jai Jagdamb Bhavani.

Bhayi prasanna Aadi Jagdamba,
Dayi shakti nahin keen vilamba.

Mokon Matu kashta ati ghero,
Tum bin kaun hare dukh mero.

Aasha trishna nipat sataven,
Moh madadik sab binsaven.

Shatru nash keeje Maharani,
Sumiron ekachita tumhen Bhavani.

Karo kripa Hey Matu dayala,
Riddhi-Siddhi de karahu nihala.

Jab lagi jiyoon daya phal paoon,
Tumhro yash men sada sunaoon.

Durga Chalisa jo gave,
Sab sukh bhog parampad pave.

Translation of Durga Chalisa in English

I bow to You O Goddess Durga, the bestower of happiness! I bow to You O Goddess Amba, who Ends all miseries.

The radiance of your light is limitless and all pervading and all the three
realms (Earth, Heaven And the Nether World) are enlightened by Thee.

Your face is like the moon and mouth very huge. Your eyes shine with a
red glow and You have a Frightening frown.

O Mother! Your look is enchanting, the very sight of which ensures welfare
of the devout.

All the powers of the World repose in Thee and it is You who provide food and
wealth for the World's survival.

Like the feeding Mother Annapoorna, You nurture the whole universe and You are
the one Who appear like the timeless Bala Sundari (young girl of extreme beauty).

At the time of dissolution, it is You, O Mother, who destroys everything. You are the
beloved Consort of Lord Shiva, Gauri (Parvati).

Lord Shiva and all yogis always chant your praise Brahma,
Vishnu and all other Gods ever meditate on You.

You appear in the form of Goddess Saraswati too,
to grant wisdom to the sages and thus ensure their Welfare.

O Mother Amba! It was You who appeared in the form
of Narsimha, sundering the pillar.

Thus You saved Prahlad and Hiranyakashyap also went to
Heaven as he was killed by your Hands.

In the form of Goddess Lakshmi, O Mother, you appear in
this world and repose by the side of Shree Narayan.

Dwelling in the ocean of milk, O Goddess, with Lord Vishnu,
please fulfill my desires.

O Bhavani, the famous Goddess of Hingalaja is no one else but
You Yourself. Illimitable is your Glory, defying description.

You are yourself Matangi and Dhoomavati Mata. It is You who appear as
Bhuvaneshwari and Bagalamukhi Devi to bestow happiness to all.

It is You who redeem the wolrd, appearing in the form of Shree Bhairavi,
Taradevi and Chhinnamasta Devi, and end its sorrows.

Reposing gracefully uopn your vehicle, O Goddess Bhavani, You are welcome
by the brave Langour (Lord Hanuman).

When You appear in the form of Goddess Kali, with sword in one hand and a
cupel in the other, Even Time flees in panic.

Beholding You, well armed, with a Trident in your hand, the enemy's
heart aches with the sting Of fear.

You also repose in the form of Devi at Nagarkot in Kangara. Thus all the
three realms shudder in the might of your glory.

You slayed the demons like Shumbh & Nishumb and massacred the
thousand forms of the dreaded Demon Raktabeej.

When the earth was severely distressed bearing the load of the sins
of the arrogant Mahishasur.

You assumed the dreadful form of Goddess Kali and
massacred him along with his army.

Thus, whenever the noble saints were distressed,
it is You O Mother, who came to their rescue.

All the realms including the Amarpuri (divine realm) remain
sorrow-less and happy by Your Grace. O Goddess!

It is the symbol of Your glory that is burning brightly at Shree JwalaJi.
All me and women Ever worship You, O Mother!

He who sings Your glory with devotion, love, and sincerity remains
beyond the reach of grief And poverty.

He who meditates upon Your form with concentration goes
beyond the cycle of births and deaths.

All the yogis, gods and sages openly declare that without your
favour one can't establish communion with God.

Shankaracharya had performed once a special penance called
Aacharaj and by virtue of which he had subdued his anger and desire.

He ever worshipped Lord Shankar and never for a moment
concentrated his mind on You

Since He did not realise your immense glory, all His powers
waned and then He repented hitherto.

Then He sought refuge in You, chanted Your glory and
'victory, victory, victory to Thee, O Jagadamba Bhavani'.

Then, O Primal Goddess Jagadamba Ji, You were propitiated and
in no time You bestowed Him with his lost powers.

O Mother! Severe afflictions distress me and no one except Your
Honoured Self can provide relief please end my afflictions.

Hopes and longings ever torture me. All sorts of passions and
lust ever torment my heart.

O Goddess Bhavani! I meditate only upon you Please
kill my enemies O Queen!

O Merciful Mother! Show me your favour and make me feel
happy by bestowing me with all sorts of riches and powers.

O Mother! May I be receptable of Your grace as long as I live,
ever recounting the feats of Your Glory to all.

This way, whoever sings this Durga Chalisa shall ever enjoy all
sorts of pleasures and shall attain the highest state in the end.

Durga Aarti

Emerging as a community festival, people offer Arti. Jai ambe gaurii maiyaa, Jai shyaamaa gaurii Nishadina tumako dhyaavata, Hari brahma shivajii

"Glory to you, O divine Mother Gauri, glory to you, O Parvati, who are so rich in maiden grace (virgin beauty), the object of daily meditation by Vishnu, Brahma and Shiva!"

Maanga sinduura viraajata, Tiko mriga madako Ujjvalase dauu nainaa, Chandravana niiko

"O Ambe! On your forehead is a resplendent mark of vermilion along with a mark of musk (signifying good luck). Your twin eyes are bright and your face beautiful as the moon."

Kanaka samaana kalevara, Raktaambara raaje Raktapushpa galamaalaa, Kanthahaara saaje

"Your body with a tinge of gold is splendidly dressed in red attire; on your throat lies a wreath of red blossoms like a beautiful necklace."

Kehari vaahana raajata, Khadaga khappara dhaari Sura nara munijana sevata, Tinake dukha haari

"Your vehicle, the lion, is, O Mother in keeping with your splendid form; you bear a sword and a skull in your hands, and on you attend the gods, men, hermits and your votaries whose grief you drive away."

Kaanana kunadala shobhita, Naasaagre motii Kotika chandra divaakara, Sam raajata jyotii

"You are adorned with rings on your ears and with pearl on the tip of your nose, your radiance looks as splendid as that of myriad of suns and moons."

Shumbha nishumbha bidaare, Mahishaasura ghaatii Dhuumra vilochana nainaa, Nishadina madamaatii

"O slayer of the demon Mahisha, you tore apart the bodies of Shumbha, Nishumbha and Dhuumravilochana. (In the battle waged against them) your eyes reflected a frenzy of fury everyday and night."

Brahmaanii rudraanii, Tuma kamalaa raanii Aagama-nigama bakhaanii, Tuma shiva pataraanii

"You are the beloved consort of Brahma, Rudra and Vishnu. The Vedas and the Shastras describe you as the queen consort of Shiva,"

Chausatha yoginii gaavata, Nritya karata bhairon Baajata taala mridanga, Aura baajata damaruu

"Sixty-four Yoginis chorus your praise and glorify you, while Bhairava (Shiva) dances in tune to the accompaniment of the sound of tambour (mridanga) and drum (damaru)."

Tuma ho jaga kii maataa, Tuma hii ho bhartaa Bhaktana kii dukha hartaa, Sukha sampati kartaa

"You are mother of the universe, its sustainer, reliever of your devotees' affliction and bestower of happiness and prosperity."

Bhujaa chaara ati shobhita, Vara mudraa dhaarii Manavaanchita phala paavata, Sevata nara naarii

"The four arms you have adorned your person, while the hand raised in benediction reveals your benign aspect. Those among men and women who wait on you and worship you have all their cherished wishes ever fulfilled."

Kanchana thaala viraajata, Agaru kapuura baatii Bhaalaketu mein raajata, Kotiratana jyotii

"In a golden platter are beautifully laid aloe and camphor, both of which have lighted (to be waved before you); in he radiance of your forehead is reflected the splendour of a myriad gems."

Bengalee Belief

Sati, the consort of Shiva was the daughter of Daksha Prajaapati a descendant of Bhrama. Sati had married Shiva against the wishes of her father. Daksha was sponsoring a sacrifice and attendees came from various parts of the universe. He invited all of the gods and goddesses except his son in law Shiva. Against Shiva's wishes, Sati attended this sacrifice and was insulted by her father. Unable to bear this insult, Sati immolated herself.

Enraged at the insult and the injury, Shiva destroyed Daksha's sacrifice, cut off Daksha's head and when pleaded by other gods, replaced it with that of a goat and restored him to life. Still berserk with grief, he picked up the remains of Sati's body, and danced the dance of destruction throughout the Universe. The other gods intervened to stop this dance, and the disk of Vishnu cut through the corpse of Sati, whose various parts of the body fell at several spots all through the Indian subcontinent and formed the sites of what are known as Shakti Peethas today.

Shiva was finally pacified when the last piece fell off from his shoulder. Narayana revived sati as Uma for a new life. Ever since peace was restored, Uma, with her children, Ganesh and Kartick, and with her two 'sakhis' - Jaya and Bijaya, comes to visit her parent's home each year during the season of 'Sharat' or autumn when Durga Puja is celebrated.

Different kinds of Puja

Durgapuja, over the years, has outgrown its religious connotations to a large extent as people all over the India celebrate it with a gusto. There are various ways in which Ma Durga is worshiped. The rituals and customs vary due to vast difference in the culture of Indian States. But, all these follow the century old tradition and practice that intermingle with historical ethos.

Maharashtra

In Maharashtra, Durga Puja is a fun occasion. Puja is performed each day and devotees don't remove the flower garland that is put each day on the idol or image of the deity. After nine days all nine are removed together. Young girls who have not attained maturity are invited to eat, play games, dance and sing. An elephant is drawn with rangoli and the girls play guessing games. Then they are fed a meal of their choice.

West Bengal

In West Bengal, Durga Puja is five days of festivity. It hinges around Mahalaya day, a week before the actual celebrations begin. It was on this day that Durga was assigned the task of eliminating evil. So the familiar pose of Durga unleashing her wrath on an out powered assura (demon). Legend goes that Ram wanted to invoke the blessings of Durga before his great war with Ravan. He performed the Durga Puja despite the time of year not being right. That is why the puja is also known as Akal Bodhon, or untimely invocation.

Punjab

People of Punjab strictly observes Navratri. Some Punjabus have only milk for seven days before breaking the fast on ashtami or navami. They worship Durga Ma and do the aarti at home. Some of them have fruit or a complete meal once a day and intoxicating drinks or meat and other form of entertainment is completely avoided. At the end of the fast devotees feed beggars or worship little girls who spell the Shakti of the Mother Goddess.

Gujarat

Navratri is devoted to Amba mataji. In some homes, images of mataji are worshiped in accordance with accepted practice. This is also true of the temples, which usually have a constant stream of visitors from morning to night. The most common form of public celebration is the performance of garba or dandia-ras, Gujarat's popular folk-dance, late throughout the nights of these nine days in public squares, open grounds and streets.

Kerala

In Kerala, Durga Puja signifies the beginning of formal education for every child aged 3-5 years. While puja goes on in the temple for all ten days, it is only the concluding three days which are really important. Ashtami is the day of Ayudya Puja, when all the tools at home are worshiped. Custom dictates that no tools be used on this day. On navami, day, Goddess Saraswati is honored by worshiping the books and records at home.


Thousands throng the Saraswati temple at Kottayam during this period to take a dip in the mysterious holy pond whose source is yet unknown. Large gatherings are also seen at the famous temples at Thekkegram (Palghat), in which there are no idols -- only huge mirrors. A devotee finds himself bowing before his own reflection which indicates that God is within us.

Kashmir

Hindus are a minority in Jammu and Kashmir but they celebrate their festivals with pomp and show. These days, festivities are subdued, though. The favorite deities of Kashmir are Lord Shiva and Serawali Ma Durga, the one who rides the tiger. Pundits and Muslims alike vouch that Navratri is important. No big pandals here, each Hindi house-hold does the pooja at home. All the adult members of the household fast on water. In the evenings, fruit may be taken. As elsewhere, Kashmiris grow barley in earthen pots. They believe that if the growth in this pot is good, there is prosperity all year.

The most important ritual for Kashmiri Pandits is to visit the temple of guardian goddess Kheer Bhawani on all nine days. On the last day of Navratri, an aarti is held at the temple after which people break their fast. On Dussehra day, Ravana's effigy is burnt. Devotees also visit the Hari Parbat temple.

Different Forms of Durga

As the ten-armed Goddess, Goddess Durga presents a radiantly beautiful form that is bewitching to behold. That special form is somehow simultaneously wrathful and benign and transmits profound spiritual teachings in an exacting manner. The nine-day period from the new moon day to the ninth day of Ashvina is considered the most auspicious time of the Hindu Calendar and is hence the most celebrated time of the year as Durga Puja. The nine different forms of Devi are worshiped over the nine days. These are the most popular forms under which she is worshiped:

Durga Shailputri (Daughter of Mountain)

She is a daughter of Himalaya and first among nine Durgas. In previous birth she was the daughter of Daksha. Her name was Sati - Bhavani. i.e. the wife of Lord Shiva. Once Daksha had organized a big Yagna and did not invite Shiva. But Sati being obstinate, reached there. Thereupon Daksha insulted Shiva. Sati could not tolerate the insult of husband and burnt herself in the fire of Yagna. In other birth she became the daughter of Himalaya in the name of Parvati - Hemvati and got married with Shiva. As per Upnishad she had torn and the egotism of Indra, etc. Devtas. Being ashamed they bowed and prayed that, "In fact, thou are Shakti, we all - Brahma, Vishnu and Shiv are capable by getting Shakti from you."

Brahmacharini

The second Durga Shakti is Brahamcharini. Brahma that is who observes penance(tapa) and good conduct. Here "Brahma" means "Tapa". The idol of this Goddess is very gorgeous. There is rosary in her right hand and Kamandal in left hand. She is full with merriment. One story is famous about her. In previous birth she was Parvati Hemavati the daughter of Himvan. Once when she was busy in games with her friends. Naradaji came to her and predicted seeing her Palm-lines that, "You will get married with a naked-terrible 'Bhole baba' who was with you in the form of Sati, the daughter of Daksh in previous birth. But now you have to perform penance for him." There upon Parvati told her mother Menaka that she would marry none except Shambhu, otherwise she would remain unmarried. Saying this she went to observe penance. That is why her name is famous as tapacharini - Brahmacharini. From that time her name Uma became familiar.


Chandraghanta

The name of third Shakti is Chandraghanta. There is a half-circular moon in her forehead. She is charmful and bright. She is Golden color. She has three eyes and ten hands holding with ten types of swords - etc. weapons and arrows etc. She is seated on Lion and ready for going in war to fight. She is unprecedented image of bravery. The frightful sound of her bell terrifies all the villains, demons and danavas.

Kushmanda

Name of fourth Durga is Kushmanda. The Shakti creates egg, ie. Universe by mere laughing .She resides in solar systems. She shines brightly in all the ten directions like Sun. She has eight hands. Seven types of weapons are shining in her seven hands. Rosary is in her right hand. She seems brilliant riding on Lion. She likes the offerings of "Kumhde." Therefore her name "Kushmanda" has become famous.

Skanda Mata

Fifth name of Durga is "Skanda Mata". The daughter of Himalaya, after observing penance got married with Shiva. She had a son named "Skanda." Skanda is a leader of the army of Gods. Skanda Mata is a deity of fire. Skanda is seated in her lap. She has three eyes and four hands. She is white and seated on a lotus.


Katyayani

Sixth Durga is Katyayani. The son of "Kat" as "Katya". Rishi Katyayan born in this "Katya" lineage. Katyayan had observed penance with a desire to get paramba as his daughter. As a result she took birth as a daughter of Katyayan. Therefore her name is "Katyayani" . She has three eyes and eight hands. These are eight types of weapons missiles in her seven hands. Her vehicle is Lion.

Kalratri

Seventh Durga is Kalratri. She is black like night. Durga hairs are unlocked. She has put on necklaces shining like lightening. She has three eyes which are round like universe. Her eyes are bright. Thousands of flames of fire come out while respiring from nose. She rides on Shava (dead body). There is sharp sword in her right hand. Her lower hand is in blessing mood. The burning torch (mashal) is in her left hand and her lower left hand is in fearless style, by which she makes her devotees fearless. Being auspicious she is called "Shubhamkari."

Maha Gauri

The Eighth Durga is "Maha Gauri." She is as white as a conch, moon and Jasmine. She is of eight years old. Her clothes and ornaments are white and clean. She has three eyes. She rides on bull She has four hands. The above left hand is in "Fearless - Mudra" and lower left hand holds "Trishul." The above right hand has tambourine and lower right hand is in blessing style. She is calm and peaceful and exists in peaceful style. It is said that when the body of Gauri became dirty due to dust and earth while observing penance, Shiva makes it clean with the waters of Gangas. Then her body became bright like lightening. There fore, she is known as "Maha Gauri" .


Siddhidatri

Ninth Durga us Siddhidatri. There are eight Siddhis , they are- Anima, Mahima, Garima, Laghima, Prapti, Prakamya, Iishitva & Vashitva. Maha Shakti gives all these Siddhies. It is said in "Devipuran" that the Supreme God Shiv got all these Siddhies by worshipping Maha Shakti. With her gratitude the half body of Shiv has became of Goddess and there fore his name "Ardhanarishvar" has became famous. The Goddess drives on Lion. She has four hands and looks pleased. This form of Durga is worshiped by all Gods, Rishis-Munis, Siddhas, Yogis, Sadhakas and devotees for attaining the best religious asset.

Origin of Durga - The Mythology

Devi is the great goddess of the Hindus,the consort of Shiva and she is worshiped in various forms corresponding to her two aspects: benevolence and fierceness. She is Uma, "light"; Gauri, "yellow or brilliant"; Parvati, "the mountaineer"; and Jagatmata, "the-mother-of-the-world" in her milder guise. The terrible emanations are Durga "the inaccessible"; Kali, "the black"; Chandi, "the fierce"; and Bhairavi, "the terrible."
Descent of the Goddess

Durga, a beautiful warrior seated upon a tiger, was the first appearance of the great goddess. The circumstance of her miraculous arrival was the tyranny of the monster-demon Mahishasur, who through terrific austerities had acquired invincible strength. The gods were afraid of this water-buffalo bull because neither Vishnu nor Shiva could prevail against him. It seemed that the joint energy of Shakti was only capable of vanquishing Mahisha, and so it was the eighteen-armed Durga who went out to do battle.

Battlefield

She went to battle on her ferocious mount lion, armed with the weapons given to her by the other Gods. Durga is one of the angry and aggressive aspects of the goddess Shakti, whose role in Hindu mythology was to fight and conquer demons and also personify the Sakti or female aspect of any male deity. In the battle, she fought and killed the evil Mahishasura and restored heaven to the Gods. Since then the goddess is invoked for protection from the powers of evil. Durga Puja is observed in her honor, to celebrate her victory over evil.

Revered Mother

She has been worshiped from about 400 AD, but probably earlier, to the present. Her literary references are chiefly the Ramayana and Mahabharata, epic and Puranic texts, and she is mentioned by name in Vedic literature. In general, Durga is regarded in northern India as the gentle bride epitomizing family unity while in southern India she is revered more in her warrior aspect.

Banashankari Temple near Badami, Karnataka

The famous Banashankari Temple is located at Cholachigud about 5 kilometers from Badami - the historic capital of Chalukyas. Here Banashankari or Shakambari is the form of Goddess Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva. The Banashankari Temple is quite old. Its original structure is said to have been built by the Chalukyas of Kalyan. However, the existing temple was built in the 17th century. The temple has a marked Dravidian style of architecture.

Banashankari Temple has significant mythological relevance also. According to the Skanda Purana it was here that Devi killed a demon called Durgamasura. As the temple is located in the Tilakaaranya forest, the Devi is popularly called Banashankari or Vanashankari where 'Van' or 'Ban' means forest. Banashankari Devi is also said to be worshiped by mighty Chalukyas as Kuladevi.

Idol of Goddess Banashankari is of Blackstone. Here the Goddess can be seen seated on lion and trampling a demon by foot. The Goddess has eight arms holding trishul-damaruga, kapaalpatra, ghanta, veda scripts and khadg-kheta. The temple has been considerably modernized in the present times. In front of the temple is a large pond called as 'Haridra Tirtha' which is enclosed by stone mantapas on the three sides.

The best time to visit Banashankari Temple is Pushya-Maas or the month of January - February when car festival is organized.

Marikamba Temple of Sirsi, Karnataka

Sri Marikamba Temple of Sirsi is a famous Devi shrine situated in northern part of the state of Karnataka. The temple is highly regarded by the devotees spread not just all over Karnataka but also in the neighbouring states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Every alternate year millions of devotees from remote parts of the country gather at Sirsi to participate in the famous Shri Marikamba Fair. Darshana of Devi is considered to be extremely auspicious during the time of the fair.
Sri Marikamba Temple houses a huge idol of Devi - about seven feet tall. The temple is said to have been built in the year 1689. It is in fact considered to be the biggest idol and temple dedicated to Marikamba in the state of Karnataka. People of Uttara (northern) Kannada and Dakshina (southern) Kannada districts regard Goddess Marikamba as their chief goddess of worship and a family deity. They believe that Devi dispels evil forces and protect them from natural calamities.

Location of Sri Marikamba Temple at Sirsi too attracts number of devotees. Sirsi is surrounded by hills, picturesque thick deciduous forest and several waterfalls. An altitude of 2500 feet above the sea level, ensures that Sirsi enjoys a wonderful climate at all times. Plethora of other places of tourist attraction is complimented by the good natured people of this town.

Annapoorneshwari Temple of Horanadu, Karnataka

Sri Annapoorneshwari Temple is an ancient and revered shrine located in the picturesque surroundings of Horanadu in the state of Karnataka. Horanadu is 100 kms south-west of Chikmagalur. On an average around 5000 devotees are said to visit the Devi temple every day located in the midst of thick forests and valleys.

Deity in the Annapoorneshwari Temple is said to have been installed by renowned Sage Agastya. The sanctum was renovated in recent years by a learned astrologer, Venkitasubba Jois. With the installation of the new image of Adi Shakti, now the temple is called Adi-Shaktyatmaka Shri Annapoorneshwari. Deity of the temple has been designed in unique manner. The single image depicts the Devi standing on a peeta with Devi Gayatri, Sri Chakra, Shanku and Chakra in Her four hands. The recently renovated sanctum of the temple is surrounded by Adi Sesha. While the Padma Peeta is formed by Ashtagaja, Koorma and others.

Bhadrakali Temple at Hanamkonda, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh

Bhadrakali Temple at Hanamkonda is significant Devi temple located on the hilltop between the twin cities of Hanamkonda and Warangal in Andhra Pradesh. The temple is held in high esteem by devotees of the of Goddess Bhadrakali popularly called the ‘Grant Mother Goddess’. Remarkable feature of the temple is the square shaped stone image of the Goddess (2.7 X 2.7 meters). In the image goddess is seen in a sitting posture with fierce looking eyes and face. The Goddess can also be seen wearing a crown and having eight hands holding various weapons.

Major Attractions of Bhadrakali Temple

High point of Bhadrakali Temple is an artificial lake of 2 ½ kms radius in the vicinity of the temple. Number of natural rock formations in the surroundings add to the spiritual charm of the temple and are the most dominant feature of the temple. Some of the unique shaped rocks are said to carry immense spiritual powers. The structure of the temple is said to be 250 years old. Though the image of the deity is called the Bhadrakali, the goddess is said to have been transformed by the mantras into a very rare form called the Tripura Sundari, which includes the Kali form. Tripura Sundari is regarded as the supreme manifestation of Prakriti - the feminine power which is the vital energy of the universe. Literal meaning of Tripura Sundari is 'The Beauty of the Three Worlds' or more precisely the three Cites or 'Pura'.

Best Time to Visit Bhadrakali Temple

The best time to visit the famous Bhadrakali Temple in Warangal is the Telegu month of ‘Sravana’ which corresponds to the month of August - September according to Gregorian Calendar. At this time a festival is organised and the deity is aesthetically decorated in various forms. Housing about 8 major and 12 minor temples surrounding mountains of Bhadrakali Temple exude a sacred aura when a large number of devotees gather to offer prayers.

People who visit Bhadrakali Temple also visit Hanamkonda Fort which is just a kilometer away from the another well known thousand pillared Hanamkonda Temple. Inside the fort is the Siddeshwara Temple housing a small Linga shrine.

Devi Patan Temple

Devi patan temple is one of the most important Shaktipeeths in the region, revered by Hindus in India and Nepal. Located 70 km. from Gonda, it is surrounded amidst the beauty of Himalayan tarai. Just 2 km. from Tulsipur, this famous shrine is among one of the 51 Shakti Peeths. It is believed that during the event when Lord Shiva was carrying the corpse of his wife Sati, the light shoulder of Sati had fallen here.

The Devi Patan Siddha Peeth had been established by Guru Gorakshnath of the Nath Sampradaya. The existing temple here is said by to be constructed King Vikramaditya. In the 1lth century King Suheldeo of Sravasti had renovated the temple. The Royal family of Balrampur, is today the caretaker of the temple. A large fair takes place in Navratri and every year on Chaitra Panchami the deity of Pir Ratan Nath is brought from Dang in Nepal to the Devi Patan temple where it is worshipped along with the Devi.

Bhagavathi Temple, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu

Few temples in India are more picturesquely located than that of Goddess Bhagavathi in Kanyakumari. It stands where three oceans meet: the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Sunrise and sunset can be seen from the same place. On full moon days, sunsets and moon rises can be seen at the same time.

There has been a temple of the Goddess at this place for over two thousand years. According to the temple's purana, a powerful demon, Banasura, was harassing the Devas. They sought Lord Siva's help. He invoked sakti & created Bhagavathi. The demon, hearing of Her beauty, coveted Her, though he knew it was ordained that a virgin would kill him. He threatened her and a battle developed and ultimately the demon was killed. The incident is depicted during the Navarathri festival at the temple.

About 183m from the coast there is a rocky island. According to tradition, the temple stood there originally. When the sea encroached, the rock became an islet, and the temple had to be removed to its present site. The rock contains the mark of a human foot. This is revered as a symbol of the "Sripadam" . It is on this rock that the Vivekananda memorial has been built.

Chandi Devi, Haridwar, UP

The temple of Chandi Devi is situated atop the Neel Parvat on the other bank of river Ganga and was constructed in 1929 AD by the King of Kashmir, Suchat Singh. Legend has it that Chanda-Munda the army chief of the local demon king, Shumbha-Nishumbha, was killed by Goddess Chandi here after which the place got the name Chandi Devi. Chandi Devi Temple is now accessible by a ropeway also, which starts near Gauri Shanker Temple.

Chandidevi temple is one of the popular shaktipeethas in North India. It is also called siddhapitha as it is believed that the Goddess Chandi fulfills the wishes of her devotees. The pilgrims can visit the temple by the ropeway in around 5 minutes while the steep climb by steps takes over 45 minutes. The main image at Chandidevi temple is said to have been installed by Adi Shankaracharya in 8th century A.D.

Bhadra Kali, Nepal

Pokhara, a beautiful town of Nepal has many historical oriented temples reflecting the ancient periods of this country. Among the various temples in this city, Bhadrakali temple is one of them .This temple is in the east of the city.

Built in the year 1817, this temple was previously known as "Mudule Thumpko". Situated 230 ft. above the sea level, this temple is surrounded by greenery which give it a peaceful environment. This temple came into origin when the Goddess " Bhadrakali" told the Priest to dig the hill. There they found the statue of the Goddess since then it has been worshiped as "BhadraKali".

Shree Durga Parameshwari Temple, Kateel, Karnataka.

Kateel is a sacred place for Hindus in Dakshina Kannada. This temple is dedicated to Goddess Durga Parameshwari. The holy temple is situated in the middle of the sacred river and is surrounded by panoramic scenes and fascinating greeneries. The devotees are overwhelmed with pious emotions when they glance at the flowing water in the river, which embraces all around the lower layer of the temple. Kateel is 29 K.M. distances from Mangalore city.

After entering main entrance and before entering into the temple, on the left side a big symbolic rock can be seen that is called as Goddess Rakteshwari. Pooja are performed everyday to Goddess Rakteshwari. On every Sankramana devotees offer coconut sevas to the Goddess. There also lays a shrine dedicated to Goddess Chamundi, another form of Goddess Durga Devi.

Free meals are offered to devotees and visitors every noon and night. Devotees accept these meals with great devotion and treat this as a grace of Goddess Shree Durga Parameshwari. Since Goddess Shree Durga Parameshwari likes dance and music, a play team is dedicated exclusively for the cultural activity of Yakshagana (folk play) depicting the miraculous power and grace of Goddess

Devi Kanaka Durga, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh

The abode of Kanaka Durga, goddess of power, riches and benevolence, is the presiding deity of the city. The temple is set on the Indrakiladri hill. The deity in the Kanaka Durga temple is regarded as Swayambhu or self-manifested, hence is considered very powerful. It is said that Adi Sankara visited this temple and installed the Sri Chakra here.

The beauty of this temple is seen to be believed. The temple is situated on a hill on the banks of the Krishna river. The origin or installation of Kanaka - durga Devi at Vijayawada is unknown. She is said to be Swayambu or selfmanifest. She also takes the aspect of Chandi or destroyer of the demon Durgama who was causing havoc among the peace - loving inhabitants of Dakshinapatha.

Mother Kanakadurgeswari seated atop the Indrakilaparvatha at Vijayawada is the supreme Goddess of Andhra Pradesh, attracting lakhs of tourists since time immemorial. This temple occupies a covetable place in the scriptures; for several of the Sivalilas and Saktimahimas were enacted on and around it, making the region a place of unparalleled spiritual eminence of everlasting significance.